网卡多 IP 配置

更新时间：

2024-03-14

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网卡多 IP 配置

概述

网卡多 IP 是指在同一个网络接口上配置和绑定多个 IP 地址。

引进网卡多 IP 的目的主要有以下几个：

提供服务高可用性。通过在同一接口绑定多个 IP 地址，然后在服务端使用这些 IP 地址启动多个服务实例。这样在任意一 IP 出现问题时，可以通过其他 IP 继续访问服务，提高服务的高可用性。
特殊用途 IP。我们可以在一个接口上配置公网 IP、内网 IP 和特殊用途 IP，用于不同用途。多 IP 可以满足一块接口绑定不同类型 IP 的需求。

所以，引进网卡多 IP，主要是为了更灵活和更加充分的利用网络接口提供的网络能力。

实现方式

在 SylixOS 系统中，使用 ifmip 命令来给网卡添加多个 IP 地址。在Shell 界面通过 help ifmip 可以查看到该命令的实际使用方式。

[root@sylixos:/root]# help ifmip
net interface add / delete secondary IPv4 address.
NOTICE: a fake interface 'mi*' will be create / delete.
ifmip [ifname] [{add | del}] [ipv4 address [netmask]]

网卡添加第二个 IP

在 en1 网卡上添加一个新的 IP 地址 172.168.0.126，子网掩码是 255.255.255.0 。
```
[root@sylixos:/root]# ifmip en1 add 172.168.0.126 255.255.255.0
```

使用 ifconfig 命令查看新添加的 IP， mi3 网卡的地址表示 en1 网卡新添加的 IP。

[root@sylixos:/root]# ifconfig
mi3       Link encap: Ethernet HWaddr: 00:11:22:33:44:98
          Mif: en1 Ifidx: 4 DHCP: D4 D6 Spd: 1000 Mbps
          inet addr: 172.168.0.126 netmask: 255.255.255.0
          gateway: 0.0.0.0 broadcast: 172.168.0.255
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING  MTU:1500  Metric:1

en2       Link encap: Ethernet HWaddr: be:7a:3c:c9:9a:e5
          Dev: dw_1 Ifidx: 3 DHCP: D4 D6 Spd: N/A
          inet addr: 10.4.130.210 netmask: 255.255.255.0
          gateway: 10.4.0.1 broadcast: 10.4.130.255
          inet6 addr: fe80::bc7a:3cff:fec9:9ae5 Scope:Link<T0>
          UP BROADCAST MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          collisions:0 txqueue:0 tcpaf:2 tcpwnd:65535
          RX ucast packets:0 nucast packets:0 dropped:0
          TX ucast packets:0 nucast packets:0 dropped:0
          RX bytes:0 (0.0 B)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)

en1       Link encap: Ethernet HWaddr: 00:11:22:33:44:98
          Dev: dw_0 Ifidx: 2 DHCP: D4 D6 Spd: 1000 Mbps
          inet addr: 10.4.120.211 netmask: 255.255.0.0
          gateway: 10.4.0.1 broadcast: 10.4.255.255
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          collisions:0 txqueue:512 tcpaf:2 tcpwnd:65535
          RX ucast packets:4 nucast packets:47860 dropped:0
          TX ucast packets:0 nucast packets:6 dropped:0
          RX bytes:2904343 (2.7 MB)  TX bytes:396 (396.0 B)

lo0       Link encap: Local Loopback
          Dev: N/A Ifidx: 1 DHCP: D4 D6 Spd: N/A
          inet addr: 127.0.0.1 netmask: 255.0.0.0
          P-to-P: 127.0.0.1 broadcast: N/A
          inet6 addr: ::1 Scope:Loopback
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:0  Metric:1
          collisions:0 txqueue:0 tcpaf:2 tcpwnd:262140
          RX ucast packets:3 nucast packets:0 dropped:0
          TX ucast packets:3 nucast packets:0 dropped:0
          RX bytes:168 (168.0 B)  TX bytes:168 (168.0 B)

dns0: 0.0.0.0
dns1: 0.0.0.0
dns2: 0.0.0.0
dns3: 0.0.0.0
default device is: en1
list net interface: 4

网卡删除第二个 IP

在 en1 网卡上删除上文添加的 IP 地址 172.168.0.126。
```
[root@sylixos:/root]# ifmip en1 del 172.168.0.126
```

使用 ifconfig 命令查看上文新添加的 IP 已经被成功删除。

en2       Link encap: Ethernet HWaddr: be:7a:3c:c9:9a:e5
          Dev: dw_1 Ifidx: 3 DHCP: D4 D6 Spd: N/A
          inet addr: 10.4.130.210 netmask: 255.255.255.0
          gateway: 10.4.0.1 broadcast: 10.4.130.255
          inet6 addr: fe80::bc7a:3cff:fec9:9ae5 Scope:Link<T0>
          UP BROADCAST MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          collisions:0 txqueue:0 tcpaf:2 tcpwnd:65535
          RX ucast packets:0 nucast packets:0 dropped:0
          TX ucast packets:0 nucast packets:0 dropped:0
          RX bytes:0 (0.0 B)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)

en1       Link encap: Ethernet HWaddr: 00:11:22:33:44:98
          Dev: dw_0 Ifidx: 2 DHCP: D4 D6 Spd: 1000 Mbps
          inet addr: 10.4.120.211 netmask: 255.255.0.0
          gateway: 10.4.0.1 broadcast: 10.4.255.255
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          collisions:0 txqueue:512 tcpaf:2 tcpwnd:65535
          RX ucast packets:47 nucast packets:432195 dropped:0
          TX ucast packets:6 nucast packets:6 dropped:0
          RX bytes:26538743 (25.3 MB)  TX bytes:720 (720.0 B)

lo0       Link encap: Local Loopback
          Dev: N/A Ifidx: 1 DHCP: D4 D6 Spd: N/A
          inet addr: 127.0.0.1 netmask: 255.0.0.0
          P-to-P: 127.0.0.1 broadcast: N/A
          inet6 addr: ::1 Scope:Loopback
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:0  Metric:1
          collisions:0 txqueue:0 tcpaf:2 tcpwnd:262140
          RX ucast packets:3 nucast packets:0 dropped:0
          TX ucast packets:3 nucast packets:0 dropped:0
          RX bytes:168 (168.0 B)  TX bytes:168 (168.0 B)

dns0: 0.0.0.0
dns1: 0.0.0.0
dns2: 0.0.0.0
dns3: 0.0.0.0
default device is: en1
list net interface: 3

持久设置辅助 ip

使用 ifmip 命令只能临时修改辅助 ip，想要持久修改可以通过 ifparam.ini 文件来实现。

在 ifparam.ini 文件中增加 mipaddr、mgateway、mnetmask 字段配置即可增加一组扩展 ip 地址，一个网卡可以扩展多个 IP 地址。

[root@sylixos:/root]# cat /etc/ifparam.ini
[e1000_0]
enable=1
ipaddr=192.168.196.88
gateway=192.168.196.1
netmask=255.255.255.0
#dhcp=1
#dhcp6
mipaddr=192.168.1.88
mgateway=192.168.1.1
mnetmask=255.255.255.0
default=1

[root@sylixos:/root]# ifconfig
mi2       Link encap: Ethernet HWaddr: ce:63:a8:1e:22:5c
          Mif: en1 Ifidx: 3 DHCP: D4 D6 Spd: 1000 Mbps
          inet addr: 192.168.1.88 netmask: 255.255.255.0
          gateway: 192.168.1.1 broadcast: 192.168.1.255
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING  MTU:1500  Metric:1

en1       Link encap: Ethernet HWaddr: ce:63:a8:1e:22:5c
          Dev: e1000_0 Ifidx: 2 DHCP: D4 D6 Spd: 1000 Mbps
          inet addr: 192.168.196.88 netmask: 255.255.255.0
          gateway: 192.168.196.1 broadcast: 192.168.196.255
          inet6 addr: fe80::cc63:a8ff:fe1e:225c Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          collisions:0 txqueue:0 tcpaf:2 tcpwnd:65535
          RX ucast packets:3 nucast packets:842 dropped:0
          TX ucast packets:1 nucast packets:7 dropped:0
          RX bytes:65476 (63.9 KB)  TX bytes:620 (620.0 B)

lo0       Link encap: Local Loopback
          Dev: N/A Ifidx: 1 DHCP: D4 D6 Spd: N/A
          inet addr: 127.0.0.1 netmask: 255.0.0.0
          P-to-P: 127.0.0.1 broadcast: N/A
          inet6 addr: ::1 Scope:Loopback
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:0  Metric:1
          collisions:0 txqueue:0 tcpaf:2 tcpwnd:262140
          RX ucast packets:3 nucast packets:0 dropped:0
          TX ucast packets:3 nucast packets:0 dropped:0
          RX bytes:168 (168.0 B)  TX bytes:168 (168.0 B)

dns0: 114.114.114.114
dns1: 0.0.0.0
dns2: 0.0.0.0
dns3: 0.0.0.0
default device is: en1
list net interface: 3
[root@sylixos:/root]#

[root@sylixos:/root]# ping 192.168.1.199
Pinging 192.168.1.199

Reply from 192.168.1.199: bytes=32 time=0.955ms TTL=64
Reply from 192.168.1.199: bytes=32 time=0.550ms TTL=64
Reply from 192.168.1.199: bytes=32 time=0.690ms TTL=64
Reply from 192.168.1.199: bytes=32 time=0.567ms TTL=64

Ping statistics for 192.168.1.199:
    Packets: Send = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0(0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
    Minimum = 0.550ms, Maximum = 0.955ms, Average = 0.690ms

[root@sylixos:/root]# ping 192.168.196.199
Pinging 192.168.196.199

Reply from 192.168.196.199: bytes=32 time=0.259ms TTL=64
Reply from 192.168.196.199: bytes=32 time=0.608ms TTL=64
Reply from 192.168.196.199: bytes=32 time=0.949ms TTL=64
Reply from 192.168.196.199: bytes=32 time=0.660ms TTL=64

Ping statistics for 192.168.196.199:
    Packets: Send = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0(0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
    Minimum = 0.259ms, Maximum = 0.949ms, Average = 0.619ms

[root@sylixos:/root]#

实际场景

当一个设备只有一个网络接口，要与多台不同网段的主机通信，为了避免频繁地修改设备地址，可以将 SylixOS 设备的网卡改成多 IP 模式，这样只需要每次插拔网线，而不再用频繁往复地修改设备 IP 地址。

进入 SylixOS 设备的Shell界面，通过 ifconfig 命令查看网络接口信息。

[root@sylixos:/root]# ifconfig
en1       Link encap: Ethernet HWaddr: 00:0a:35:00:01:aa
          Dev: zynq0 Ifidx: 2 DHCP: D4 D6 Spd: 1000 Mbps
          inet addr: 10.4.120.11 netmask: 255.255.0.0
          gateway: 10.4.0.1 broadcast: 10.4.255.255
          inet6 addr: fe80::20a:35ff:fe00:1aa Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          collisions:0 txqueue:0 tcpaf:2 tcpwnd:131070
          RX ucast packets:0 nucast packets:4690 dropped:0
          TX ucast packets:0 nucast packets:9 dropped:0
          RX bytes:283649 (277.0 KB)  TX bytes:622 (622.0 B)

lo0       Link encap: Local Loopback
          Dev: N/A Ifidx: 1 DHCP: D4 D6 Spd: N/A
          inet addr: 127.0.0.1 netmask: 255.0.0.0
          P-to-P: 127.0.0.1 broadcast: N/A
          inet6 addr: ::1 Scope:Loopback
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:0  Metric:1
          collisions:0 txqueue:0 tcpaf:2 tcpwnd:262140
          RX ucast packets:3 nucast packets:0 dropped:0
          TX ucast packets:3 nucast packets:0 dropped:0
          RX bytes:168 (168.0 B)  TX bytes:168 (168.0 B)

dns0: 0.0.0.0
dns1: 0.0.0.0
dns2: 0.0.0.0
dns3: 0.0.0.0
default device is: en1
list net interface: 2

在网卡 en1 上添加一个 IP 地址 192.168.11.5，子网掩码是 255.255.255.0。
```
[root@sylixos:/root]# ifmip en1 add 192.168.11.5 255.255.255.0
```

通过 ifconfig 命令查看网络接口信息。

[root@sylixos:/root]# ifconfig
mi2       Link encap: Ethernet HWaddr: 00:0a:35:00:01:aa
          Mif: en1 Ifidx: 3 DHCP: D4 D6 Spd: 1000 Mbps
          inet addr: 192.168.11.5 netmask: 255.255.255.0
          gateway: 0.0.0.0 broadcast: 192.168.11.255
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING  MTU:1500  Metric:1

en1       Link encap: Ethernet HWaddr: 00:0a:35:00:01:aa
          Dev: zynq0 Ifidx: 2 DHCP: D4 D6 Spd: 1000 Mbps
          inet addr: 10.4.120.11 netmask: 255.255.0.0
          gateway: 10.4.0.1 broadcast: 10.4.255.255
          inet6 addr: fe80::20a:35ff:fe00:1aa Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          collisions:0 txqueue:0 tcpaf:2 tcpwnd:131070
          RX ucast packets:0 nucast packets:6429 dropped:0
          TX ucast packets:0 nucast packets:10 dropped:0
          RX bytes:389041 (379.9 KB)  TX bytes:664 (664.0 B)

lo0       Link encap: Local Loopback
          Dev: N/A Ifidx: 1 DHCP: D4 D6 Spd: N/A
          inet addr: 127.0.0.1 netmask: 255.0.0.0
          P-to-P: 127.0.0.1 broadcast: N/A
          inet6 addr: ::1 Scope:Loopback
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:0  Metric:1
          collisions:0 txqueue:0 tcpaf:2 tcpwnd:262140
          RX ucast packets:3 nucast packets:0 dropped:0
          TX ucast packets:3 nucast packets:0 dropped:0
          RX bytes:168 (168.0 B)  TX bytes:168 (168.0 B)

dns0: 0.0.0.0
dns1: 0.0.0.0
dns2: 0.0.0.0
dns3: 0.0.0.0
default device is: en1
list net interface: 3
[root@sylixos:/root]#

通过网线将 SylixOS 设备和主机 A 相连，在 SylixOS 设备的Shell界面向主机 A 发送 ping 包，通信正常，证明新加的 IP 地址功能正常。

[root@sylixos:/root]# ping 192.168.11.2
Pinging 192.168.11.2

Reply from 192.168.11.2: bytes=32 time=0.213ms TTL=255
Reply from 192.168.11.2: bytes=32 time=0.203ms TTL=255
Reply from 192.168.11.2: bytes=32 time=0.202ms TTL=255
Reply from 192.168.11.2: bytes=32 time=0.204ms TTL=255

Ping statistics for 192.168.11.2:
    Packets: Send = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0(0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
    Minimum = 0.202ms, Maximum = 0.213ms, Average = 0.205ms

[root@sylixos:/root]#

通过网线将 SylixOS 设备和主机 B 相连，在 SylixOS 设备的Shell界面向主机 B 发送 ping 包，通信正常，证明原有的 IP 地址功能正常。

[root@sylixos:/root]# ping 10.4.0.105
Pinging 10.4.0.105

Reply from 10.4.0.105: bytes=32 time=0.689ms TTL=64
Reply from 10.4.0.105: bytes=32 time=0.677ms TTL=64
Reply from 10.4.0.105: bytes=32 time=0.686ms TTL=64
Reply from 10.4.0.105: bytes=32 time=0.644ms TTL=64

Ping statistics for 10.4.0.105:
    Packets: Send = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0(0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
    Minimum = 0.644ms, Maximum = 0.689ms, Average = 0.674ms

[root@sylixos:/root]#

网络地址配置

DNS 服务地址配置

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网卡多 IP 配置

# 网卡多 IP 配置

# 概述

# 实现方式

# 网卡添加第二个 IP

# 网卡删除第二个 IP

# 持久设置辅助 ip

# 实际场景

网卡多 IP 配置

概述

实现方式

网卡添加第二个 IP

网卡删除第二个 IP

持久设置辅助 ip

实际场景